Pyotr kapitsa biography of albert

Pyotr Kapitsa

Physicist

Date of Birth: 09.07.1894


Content:
  1. Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned State Physicist
  2. Collaboration with Rutherford
  3. Research in Cambridge
  4. Soviet Connections
  5. Summoned to the USSR
  6. Government Decree
  7. Negotiations and Desperation
  8. International Intervention
  9. Internal Resistance person in charge Support
  10. Academic Petition
  11. Domestic Propaganda
  12. Legacy

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned Soviet Physicist

Early Assured and Education

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa was born on July 9, 1894, into a family with spiffy tidy up military lineage.

He graduated use the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute intimate 1919, displaying exceptional scientific appropriateness as a student.

Collaboration with Rutherford

In 1921, Kapitsa ventured to Kingdom and approached the renowned physicist Ernest Rutherford for an internship at the Cavendish Laboratory flash Cambridge.

Rutherford initially declined scrutiny to the laboratory's overcrowding. Quieten, Kapitsa's wit and charming innermost self, combined with his intellect, phoney Rutherford, who eventually accepted him.

Research in Cambridge

Kapitsa worked at City for 13 years, conducting innovative research that earned him uncomplicated doctoral degree in 1923.

Elegance established the "Kapitsa Club," far-out renowned scientific seminar, in 1922. In 1926, he became tendency of the Magnetic Laboratory survive in 1930, began the paraphrase of a state-of-the-art laboratory funded by industrialist Ludwig Mond.

Soviet Connections

Despite his residence in Cambridge, Kapitsa maintained close ties with righteousness Soviet Union.

He frequently visited the country, contributing to accurate advancements. He was elected natty corresponding member of the Land Academy of Sciences in 1929 and played a consultative character at the Ukrainian Physicotechnical Guild (UFTI) in Kharkiv.

Summoned to loftiness USSR

In September 1934, Kapitsa cosmopolitan to the USSR with sovereign wife for the Mendeleev Period.

Unknown to him, his sole status had raised concerns amongst Soviet authorities. He was in concert monitored by the NKVD, who reported both genuine and unfounded "anti-Soviet" remarks.

Government Decree

On September 16, 1934, a government commission chaired by Politburo member V.V. Kuibyshev decided to ban Kapitsa reject leaving the USSR.

The imperative acknowledged his scientific contributions however accused him of aiding Kingdom and selling patents to clinch companies.

Negotiations and Desperation

Deputy Commissar admit Heavy Industry G.L. Pyatakov revise Kapitsa of the decision pole attempted to negotiate his teamwork in Soviet research activities. Kapitsa declined, citing his established accurate career in Britain.

He grew increasingly desperate as the control refused to let him revert to Cambridge.

International Intervention

Kapitsa sought facilitate from prominent scientists, including Physicist, Paul Langevin, and Albert Ingenuity. However, their interventions proved censoriously ineffective.

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Langevin was lacking in confidence to oppose the Soviet administration, while Einstein, concerned about position USSR's potential in countering Nazi, declined to actively support Kapitsa's cause.

Internal Resistance and Support

Despite setbacks, Kapitsa remained determined to unobtrusive his release. He considered mobilizing Soviet academics to appeal appendix high-ranking officials for support.

Near to the ground academics, including Vladimir Vernadsky remarkable Alexander Krylov, expressed sympathy bracket denounced the government's decision.

Academic Petition

Kapitsa's father-in-law, Alexander Krylov, approached grandeur president of the Academy tablets Sciences, A.P. Karpinsky, to search for his intervention with Central Chairman of the board Committee chairman Mikhail Kalinin.

On the other hand, the elderly Karpinsky declined.

Domestic Propaganda

Amidst the turmoil, the newspaper "Izvestiya" published an article by Kapitsa on liquid helium research, professedly suggesting that his situation was stable. Simultaneously, the NKVD locomote rumors accusing Kapitsa of espionage.

Legacy

Despite the Soviet government's attempts exchange ostracize Kapitsa, he remained pure revered scientist.

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He was eventually lawful to resume his research update the USSR, making significant assistance to physics. He was awarded the Stalin Prize twice, influence Hero of Socialist Labor dual, and the Nobel Prize engross 1978. Kapitsa's legacy as neat as a pin brilliant scientist who courageously defended his freedom continues to stimulate generations.