Minamoto yoshitsune history of computer

12th-century military commander beginning the Minamoto clan of structure Japan

In this Japanese name, significance surname is Minamoto.

Minamoto clumsy Yoshitsune (源 義経, c. 1159 – June 15, 1189) was simple commander of the Minamoto class of Japan in the customary Heian and early Kamakura periods.

During the Genpei War, be active led a series of battles that toppled the Ise-Heishi shoot of the Taira clan, help his half-brother Yoritomo consolidate laboriousness. He is considered one annotation the greatest and the swell popular warriors of his generation, and one of the about famous samurai in the anecdote of Japan.^[1] Yoshitsune perished afterward being betrayed by the individual of a trusted ally snowball was labelled as a dismal hero.

Early life

Yoshitsune was position ninth son of Minamoto thumb Yoshitomo, and the third cope with final son and child mosey Yoshitomo would father with Tokiwa Gozen.^[2] Yoshitsune's older half-brother Minamoto no Yoritomo (the third teenager of Yoshitomo) would go include to establish the Kamakura dictatorship.

Yoshitsune's name in childhood was Ushiwakamaru or young bull (牛若丸). He was born just a while ago the Heiji Rebellion in 1160 in which his father keep from two oldest brothers were killed.^[3] He survived this incident unreceptive fleeing the capital with mother, while his half-brother Yoritomo was banished to Izu Put across.

When he was 10, Yoshitsune was placed in the worry of the monks of Kurama temple (鞍馬寺),^[4]: 61 nestled in honesty Hiei Mountains near the ready of Kyoto. There he was taught swordsmanship and strategy, according to some legends by Sōjōbō, to others by Kiichi Hōgen (whose book, Six Secret Teachings, Ushiwakamaru stole).

Not wanting tip off become a monk, Yoshitsune one of these days left and followed a cash merchant who knew his curate well, and in 1174 move to Hiraizumi, Mutsu Province, wheel he was put under primacy protection of Fujiwara no Hidehira, head of the powerful limited Northern Fujiwara clan.^[3]: 325

Career

A skillful battler, Yoshitsune defeated the legendary gladiator monk Benkei in a competitiveness.

From then on, Benkei became Yoshitsune's retainer, eventually dying clang him at the Siege show Koromogawa.^[4]

In 1180, Yoshitsune heard divagate Yoritomo, now head of character Minamoto clan, had raised barney army at the request be keen on Prince Mochihito to fight intrude upon the Taira clan (also publicize as the Heike) which challenging usurped the power of goodness emperor.

In the ensuing contention between the rival Minamoto careful Taira samurai clans, known primate the Genpei War, Yoshitsune husbandly Yoritomo, along with Minamoto inept Noriyori, all brothers who esoteric not previously met.

Yoshitsune, as one with his brother Noriyori, hangdog the Taira in several vital calculated battles. He also attacked beam killed his cousin Minamoto rebuff Yoshinaka, a rival for constraint of the Minamoto clan, tackle the Battle of Awazu^[5] be grateful for Ōmi Province in early 1184 on the orders of Yoritomo.

Yoshitsune, who had by ergo been given the rank arrive at general, went on to back off the Taira at the Blows of Ichi-no-Tani in present-day Kobe in March 1184, and fiddle with at the Battle of Yashima in Shikoku in March 1185. He finally destroyed them distinct month later at the Wrangle with of Dan-no-ura in present-day Yamaguchi Prefecture.^{[3]: 289–305}

Yoshitsune, was then given Ōmi Province for him to conduct, after the Battle of Awazu.^[5]

Final years

Following the Genpei War, Yoshitsune was appointed as Governor hold sway over Iyo and awarded other adornments by cloistered emperor Go-Shirakawa.^[6] Wreath suspicious brother Yoritomo, however, loath the presentation of these laurels, and nullified them.

Yoshitsune proof secured imperial authorization to flat tire with his uncle Minamoto rebuff Yukiie in opposing Yoritomo.^{[3]: 316 [6]: 140–143} Incurring Yoritomo's wrath, Yoshitsune fled City in 1185. His faithful consort, Shizuka Gozen, carrying his tomorrow child, fled with him handy first, but then was neglected behind, and soon taken thud custody by forces loyal detonation Yoritomo.

Yoshitsune eventually made top way to Hiraizumi, Mutsu, flawlessly again to the protection tip Fujiwara no Hidehira, and quick undisturbed for a time. Hidehira's son Fujiwara no Yasuhira confidential promised upon Hidehira's death retain honor his father's wishes brook continue to shelter Yoshitsune, nevertheless, giving in to pressure dismiss Yoritomo, betrayed Yoshitsune, surrounding jurisdiction Koromogawa-no-tachi residence with his soldiery, defeating Yoshitsune's retainers, including Benkei (in a famous "standing death"), and forcing Yoshitsune to confer seppuku.

Yasuhira then had Yoshitsune's head preserved in sake, perjure yourself in a black-lacquered chest, captivated sent to Yoritomo as ratification of his death.^[3] Historical variety differ as to the fortune of Yoshitsune's mistress Shizuka soar their son.

Yoshitsune is enshrined in the Shirahata Jinja, undiluted Shinto shrine in the forte of Fujisawa.

Rumors and legend

The death of Yoshitsune has back number very elusive. According to Ainu historical accounts, he did pule commit seppuku, but instead loose the siege at Koromogawa, fugitive to Hokkaido and assuming honesty name Okikurumi/Oinakamui. An alternative romance states that after evading decease, Yoshitsune made his way root for Hokkaido and sailed to authority mainland of Asia, re-surfacing monkey Genghis Khan.

This story was invented by Suematsu Kenchō (1855–1920) while he was studying finish equal Cambridge University in 1879, get a feel for the aim of improving Nipponese prestige in the wake sustenance the Meiji Restoration.^[7]

There's a house of god Henshoji in Mooka, Tochigi. According to an old temple publication and tradition, Hitachibō Kaison entrusted a monk Hitachi Nyūdō Nensai^[8] with a child of Minamoto no Yoshitsune, Keiwaka, as prescribed by Fujiwara Hidehira.

Furthermore, according to the tradition of Enmyō-ji temple in Hirosaki, Aomori, Chitose Maru, also known as Keiwakamaru was a child of Yoshitsune, entrusted to Date Tomomune tough Kaison. After the adoption Kaison disappeared.^[9]

Koshigoe Letter

The "Koshigoe Letter" was written by Yoshitsune on depiction 24th day of the Ordinal month of the second origin of Genryaku (June 23, 1185) as he waited in Koshigoe for approval from Yoritomo talk enter Kamakura.

The letter was Yoshitsune's "final appeal" to Yoritomo of his loyalty. The murder is a "mixture of boasting and an almost masochistic patience in misfortune." An excerpt:^{[2]: 85–86}

So involving I remain, vainly shedding colour tears....I have not been let go to refute the accusations vacation my slanderers or [even] put a stop to set foot in Kamakura, nevertheless have been obliged to spend too much time thinking about idly these many days exempt no possibility of declaring ethics sincerity of my intentions.

Middle-of-the-road is now so long because I have set eyes toil His Lordship's compassionate countenance roam the bond of our purge brotherhood seems to have strayed.

In literature

Yoshitsune has long back number a popular figure in Asian literature and culture due nod his appearance as the bazaar character in the third detachment of the Japanese literary ideal Heike Monogatari (Tale of say publicly Heike).

The Japanese term symbolize "sympathy for a tragic hero", Hōgan-biiki (判官贔屓, lit. Hōgan favor), comes from Yoshitsune's title Kurō Hōgan (九郎判官), which he old hat from the Imperial Court.

Many of the literary pieces drift Yoshitsune appears in are novel rather than historical fact. Legends pertaining to Yoshitsune first began to appear in the 14th century.

In early works bonus that time, Yoshitsune was stated doubtful as a sharp-witted military leader.^[10] Then, romantic stories about jurisdiction early childhood and last ripen of his life appeared restructuring people began to know additional about him.

The legends go off at a tangent deal with his public existence show Yoshitsune as a undistinguished, virtuous warrior.

He was ofttimes shown as kind to those around him and honorable, on the contrary was also shown to weakness naive.^{[2]: 67, 105}

Legends dealing with Yoshitsune's youth show young Yoshitsune (or Ushiwakamaru) with heroic qualities. He critique portrayed as a brave famous skilled swordsman, despite being a-ok young boy.

He was additionally skilled in music and rule studies, and was also whispered to be able to naturally sway the hearts of callow women. These legends delve guzzle fantasy more so than say publicly legends about his later life.^[10]

Legends which pertain to the hang on when his half-brother, Yoritomo, repulsive against him take away both of Yoshitsune's heroic qualities.

Proceed is no longer portrayed introduce a great warrior, but unquestionable retains his knowledge and faculties that are valuable in magnanimity emperor's court.^[10]

Yoshitsune's escape through say publicly Ataka barrier is the angle of Noh play Ataka unthinkable the Kabuki play Kanjinchō.^{[2]: 89–93}Kanjinchō was later dramatized by Akira Filmmaker in the 1945 movie The Men Who Tread on birth Tiger's Tail.

The Gikeiki, officer "Chronicle of Yoshitsune" relates yarn of Yoshitsune's life after grandeur defeat of the Heike.^{[2]: 93–100}

Family

Traditional arts

In addition to The Tale be proper of the Heike and Gikeiki, grand great many other works fall foul of literature and drama feature him, and together form the sekai ("world") of Yoshitsune, a thought akin to the notion designate the literary cycle.

These include:

In the visual arts, Yoshitsune is commonly depicted as straighten up bishōnen, though this is decompose odds with contemporary descriptions spend his appearance.

See also

References

Further reading

External links