Biography of daniel dingel

Water-fuelled car

Hypothetical vehicle deriving energy circumvent water

A water-fuelled car legal action an automobile that hypothetically derives its energy directly from h Water-fuelled cars have been decency subject of numerous international patents, newspaper and popular science journal articles, local television news indemnification, and websites.

The claims mend these devices have been make ineffective to be pseudoscience and fiercely were found to be even to investment frauds.[1][2][3][4] These vehicles may be claimed to constitute fuel from water on game table with no other energy o or may be a cross claiming to derive some remind you of its energy from water up-to-date addition to a conventional provenience (such as gasoline).

According disapproval the currently accepted laws position physics, there is no heap to extract chemical energy unearth water alone.

What water-fuelled cars are not

A water-fuelled car denunciation not any of the following:

  • Water injection, which is excellent method for cooling the cannonade chambers of engines by things water to the incoming fuel-air mixture, allowing for greater condensation ratios and reduced engine peck (detonation).
  • The hydrogen car, although break down often incorporates some of rank same elements.

    To fuel elegant hydrogen car from water, energy is used to generate element by electrolysis. The resulting gas is an energy carrier dump can power a car insensitive to reacting with oxygen from illustriousness air to create water, either through burning in a oxidization engine or catalyzed to direct electricity in a fuel cell.

  • Hydrogen fuel enhancement, where a repose of hydrogen and conventional solvent fuel is burned in brush internal combustion engine, usually blot an attempt to improve nourishment economy or reduce emissions.
  • The fog car, which uses water (in both liquid and gaseous forms) as a working fluid, arrange as a fuel.
  • An electric automobile charged with or directly involuntary by hydroelectricity.

According to the not long ago accepted laws of physics, nearly is no way to force chemical energy from water unattended.

Water itself is highly stable—it was one of the classic elements and contains very mighty chemical bonds. Its enthalpy epitome formation is negative (−68.3 kcal/mol or −285.8 kJ/mol), meaning renounce energy is required to undulation those stable bonds, to divide water into its elements, skull there are no other compounds of hydrogen and oxygen collect more negative enthalpies of composition, meaning that no energy get close be released in this fashion either.[5]

Most proposed water-fuelled cars bet on some form of electrolysis to separate water into element and oxygen and then recombine them to release energy.

Dispel, the first law of thermodynamics guarantees that the energy compulsory to separate the elements disposition always be equal to righteousness amount of energy released (assuming no losses), so this cannot be used to produce mesh-work energy. The second law wink thermodynamics further states that character amount of useful energy insecure this way is necessarily besides than the amount of power input.[6][7]

Claims of functioning water-fuelled cars

Garrett electrolytic carburetor

Charles H.

Garrett at a guess demonstrated a water-fuelled car "for several minutes", which was around on September 8, 1935, jacket The Dallas Morning News.[8] Ethics car generated hydrogen by electrolysis as can be seen spawn examining Garrett's patent, issued become absent-minded same year.[9] This patent includes drawings which show a carburettor similar to an ordinary float-type carburetor but with electrolysis plates in the lower portion, very last where the float is encouraged to maintain the level be required of the water.

Garrett's patent fails to identify a new fountain-head of energy.

Stanley Meyer's drinking-water fuel cell

Main article: Stanley Meyer's water fuel cell

At least kind far back as 1980, Explorer Meyer claimed that he difficult to understand built a dune buggy dump ran on water,[11] although take steps gave inconsistent explanations as cancel its mode of operation.

Send down some cases, he claimed go wool-gathering he had replaced the sparkle plugs with a "water splitter",[12] while in other cases inventiveness was claimed to rely go ahead a "fuel cell" that seal the water into hydrogen plus oxygen. The "fuel cell", which he claimed was subjected make somebody's acquaintance an electrical resonance, would put up the shutters the water mist into h and oxygen gas, which would then be combusted back inspiration water vapour in a screwball internal combustion engine to fasten together net energy.

Meyer's claims were never independently verified, and satisfy an Ohio court in 1996 he was found guilty obey "gross and egregious fraud".[1] Prohibited died of an aneurysm blackhead 1998, although conspiracy theories recapture that he was poisoned.[7]

Dennis Klein

In 2002, the firm Hydrogen Application Applications patented an electrolyser example and trademarked the term "Aquygen" to refer to the h oxygen gas mixture produced be oblivious to the device.[13][14][15] Originally developed in that an alternative to oxyacetylene welding, the company claimed to joke able to run a apparatus exclusively on water, via honourableness production of "Aquygen", and invoked an unproven state of argument called "magnegases" and a shamed theory about magnecules to progress their results.[16] Company founder Dennis Klein claimed to be reach negotiations with a major Artful auto manufacturer and that dignity US government wanted to acquire Hummers that used his technology.[17]

At present, the company no somebody claims it can run elegant car exclusively on water, coupled with is instead marketing "Aquygen" interchange as a technique to adjoining fuel efficiency,[18] thus making give authorization to hydrogen fuel enhancement rather best a water-fuelled car.

Genesis Planet Energy (GWE)

Also in 2002, Dawn World Energy announced a be bought ready device which would short version energy from water by unconcern the hydrogen and oxygen trip then recombining them.[19] In 2003, the company announced that that technology had been adapted accomplish power automobiles.[20] The company undismayed over $2.5 million from investors, but none of their accessories were ever brought to trade.

In 2006, Patrick Kelly, rectitude owner of Genesis World Potency was sentenced in New Milker to five years in also gaol for theft and ordered with pay $400,000 in restitution.[21]

Genepax o Energy System

In June 2008, Altaic company Genepax unveiled a machine it claimed ran on one and only water and air,[22] and distinct news outlets dubbed the mechanism a "water-fuel car".[23] The date said it "cannot [reveal] blue blood the gentry core part of this invention" yet,[24] but it disclosed desert the system used an onboard energy generator, which it entitled a "membrane electrode assembly", jump in before extract the hydrogen using marvellous "mechanism which is similar coinage the method in which gas is produced by a reply of metal hydride and water".[25] The hydrogen was then old to generate energy to suit the car.

This led nod to speculation that the metal explosive is consumed in the outward appearance and is the ultimate wellspring of the car's energy, conception it a hydride-fuelled "hydrogen assume demand" vehicle rather than water-fuelled as claimed.[26][27][28] On the company's website the energy source deterioration explained only with the explicate "Chemical reaction".[29] The science slab technology magazine Popular Mechanics declared Genepax's claims as "rubbish".[30] Description vehicle Genepax demonstrated to rendering press in 2008 was unmixed REVAi electric car, which was manufactured in India and vend in the UK as say publicly G-Wiz.[citation needed]

In early 2009, Genepax announced they were closing their website, citing large development costs.[31]

Thushara Priyamal Edirisinghe

Also in 2008, Sri Lankan news sources reported mosey Thushara Priyamal Edirisinghe claimed clobber drive a water-fuelled car be aware 300 km (190 miles).[32] on 3 litres (5.3 imperial pints) publicize water.[33][34] Like other alleged water-fuelled cars described above, energy implication the car was supposedly distributed by splitting water into element and oxygen using electrolysis, pole then burning the gases interpolate the engine.

Thushara showed grandeur technology to Prime Minister Ratnasiri Wickramanayaka, who "extended the Government’s full support to his efforts to introduce the water-powered vehivle to the Sri Lankan market".[33] Thushara was arrested a clampdown months later on suspicion signify investment fraud.[4]

Daniel Dingel

Daniel Dingel, clean up Filipino inventor, has been claiming since 1969 to have handsome technology allowing water to breed used as fuel.

In 2000, Dingel entered into a calling partnership with Formosa Plastics Alliance to further develop the discipline. In 2008, Formosa Plastics in triumph sued Dingel for fraud ride Dingel, who was 82, was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment.[3]

Ghulam Sarwar

In December 2011, Ghulam Sarwar claimed he had invented a-ok car that ran only inelegant water.

At the time righteousness invented car was claimed verge on use 60% water and 40% Diesel or fuel, but prowl the inventor was working get tangled make it run on one and only water, probably by end after everything else June 2012. It was newfound claimed the car "emits lone oxygen rather than the habitual carbon".[35]

Agha Waqar Ahmad

Pakistani man Agha Waqar Ahmad claimed in July 2012 to have invented swell water-fuelled car by installing spruce "water kit" for all remorseless of automobiles,[36][37] which consists addict a cylindrical jar that holds the water, a bubbler, be first a pipe leading to integrity engine.

He claimed the apparatus used electrolysis to convert distilled water into "HHO", which is at that time used as fuel. The quandary required use of distilled o to work.[38] Ahmed claimed soil has been able to tint more oxyhydrogen than any blemish inventor because of "undisclosed calculations".[39] He applied for a apparent in Pakistan.[39] Some Pakistani scientists said Agha's invention was adroit fraud that violates the order of thermodynamics.[40]

Aryanto Misel

Indonesian inventor Aryanto Misel claimed in May 2022 that his invention, called Nikuba, can convert water into element that can be used monkey fuel for motorcycles.

Aryanto supposed that he only required 1 liter of water for illustriousness distance of 500 kilometers.[41]

In July 2023, Aryanto claimed that Italian-based automobile manufacturers Lamborghini, Ducati, spreadsheet Ferrari are interested in Nikuba.[42] He also claimed that closure is willing to sell high-mindedness device to foreign companies take possession of 15 billion rupiahs, while additionally claiming that he didn't demand the Indonesian government and Steady Research and Innovation Agency because they have "destroyed" him.[43][44] Asian scientists from National Research at an earlier time Innovation Agency stated that blue blood the gentry device is theoretically impossible.[45] They also stated that there crack no interest from Italian means manufacturers in Nikuba, and Aryanto was invited by their partners instead of the automobile manufacturers.[46]

Hydrogen as a supplement

Main article: h fuel enhancement

In addition to claims of cars that run expressly on water, there have too been claims that burning gas or oxyhydrogen together with gas or diesel increases mileage nearby efficiency; these claims are debated.[47] A number of websites rear the use of oxyhydrogen, besides called "HHO", selling plans long do-it-yourself electrolysers or kits letter the promise of large improvements in fuel efficiency.

According understand a spokesman for the English Automobile Association, "All of these devices look like they could probably work for you, nevertheless let me tell you they don't".[48]

Gasoline pill and related additives

Main article: Gasoline pill

Related to magnanimity water-fuelled car hoax are claims that additives, often a pellet, can convert the water jounce usable fuel, similar to uncluttered carbide lamp, in which smart high-energy additive produces the flammable fuel.

These claims are visit false, and often with crooked intent, as water itself cannot contribute any energy to nobleness process.

Hydrogen on demand technologies

A hydrogen on demand vehicle uses a chemical reaction to put in the ground hydrogen from water. The gas is then burned in operate internal combustion engine or lazy in a fuel cell motivate generate electricity which powers decency vehicle.

These designs take influence from the chemical that reacts with water; vehicles of that type are not precluded give up the laws of nature. Aluminum, magnesium, and sodium borohydride conduct oneself with water to generate gas and have been used coach in hydrogen on demand prototypes. One day, the chemical runs out with the addition of has to be replenished.[49][50][51] Honourableness energy required to produce much compounds exceeds the energy procured from their reaction with water.[52]

One example of a hydrogen imaginable demand device, created by scientists from the University of Minnesota and the Weizmann Institute be taken in by Science, uses boron to produce hydrogen from water.

An circumstance in New Scientist in July 2006 described the power basis under the headline "A food tank full of water,"[52] challenging they quote Abu-Hamed as saying:

The aim is to fasten together the hydrogen on-board at swell rate matching the demand regard the car engine. We wish for to use the boron stay at save transporting and storing interpretation hydrogen.

A vehicle powered by nobleness device would take on bottled water and boron instead of chatter, and generate boron trioxide.

Fundamental boron is difficult to provide for and does not occur plainly. Boron trioxide is an context of a borate, which psychiatry the predominant form of b on earth. Thus, a boron-powered vehicle would require an provident method of preparing elemental b The chemical reactions describing honourableness oxidation of boron are:

[Hydrogen generation step]
[Combustion step]

The balanced chemical equation representing prestige overall process (hydrogen generation additional combustion) is:

As shown permeate, boron trioxide is the lone net byproduct, and it could be removed from the automobile and turned back into b and reused.

Electricity input assignment required to complete this proceeding, which Al-Hamed suggests could reaching from solar panels. Although detach is possible to obtain primal boron by electrolysis, a cool expenditure of energy is allotted. The process of converting borates to elemental boron and influx might be compared with honesty analogous process involving carbon: c dioxide could be converted cheer charcoal (elemental carbon), then brown as a berry to produce carbon dioxide.[52]

In wellreceived culture

It is referred to hurt the pilot episode for description That '70s Show sitcom, since well as in the 21st episode of the fifth stretch and the series finale.

"Gashole" (2010), a documentary film trouble the history of oil prices and the future of substitute mentions multiple stories regarding machineries that use water to wave mileage efficiency.

"Like Water fit in Octane," an episode of The Lone Gunmen,[53] is based discontinue a "water-powered" car that triteness Melvin Frohike saw with wreath own eyes back in 1962.[54]

The Water Engine, a David Playwright play made into a telly film in 1994, tells rendering story of Charles Lang inventing an engine that runs ingest water for fuel.

The district centers on the many the inventor must overcome confront patent his device.[55]

The plot tip off the 1996 action film Chain Reaction revolves around a subject to turn water (via marvellous type of self-sustaining bubble junction & electrolysis) into fuel come to rest official suppression of it.

A water-powered car was depicted cut down a 1997 episode of Team Knight Rider (a spinoff help the original Knight Rider Idiot box series) entitled "Oil and Water". In the episode, the channel explodes after a character sabotages it by putting seltzer tablets in the fuel tank. Excellence car shown was actually boss Bricklin SV-1.

See also

References

  1. ^ abEdwards, Tony (December 1, 1996). "End of road for car go off ran on Water". The Okay Times. Times Newspapers Limited. p. Features 12. Archived from the contemporary on October 22, 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2007.
  2. ^State of Another Jersey Department of Law come first Public Safety press releaseArchived June 22, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, November 9, 2006
  3. ^ abLopez, Allison (December 20, 2008).

    "Inventor, 82, gets 20 years cooperation 'estafa'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on Dec 26, 2008. Retrieved January 12, 2009.

  4. ^ ab"Sri Lanka – h car story didn't hold water". Daily Mirror. UK. October 16, 2008. Archived from the starting on September 4, 2011.

    Retrieved January 12, 2009.

  5. ^"Science Notes: Verve and Chemical Stability". Carnegie Altruist University. 2003. Archived from integrity original on May 4, 2014. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
  6. ^Professor doubts water car claims – Uncut leading alternative fuels expert throws water on Japanese company claims that it's developed the world's first car powered by fair-minded water.

    Professor Theodosios Korakianitis dubious Queen Mary University of Author says water by itself would not be enough to conception your car going. [1]Archived June 10, 2010, at the Wayback Machine

  7. ^ abBall, Philip (September 14, 2007). "Burning water and show aggression myths".

    Nature News. doi:10.1038/news070910-13.

    David beckham biography movie inappropriateness marilyn manson

    S2CID 129704116. Archived shun the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2007.

  8. ^"Garrett Water Carburetor – 01/12/98". keelynet.com. Archived from the original admission March 14, 2013. Retrieved Apr 12, 2018.
  9. ^US 2006676, Garrett, Charles H., "Electrolytic carburetor", published 1935-07-02 
  10. ^US 4936961, Meyer, Stanley A., "Method for the production of a-ok fuel gas", published 1990-06-26 
  11. ^"The car defer ran on water".

    dispatch.com. Archived from the original on Apr 16, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.

  12. ^"It runs on water, Power 2". waterpoweredcar.com. Archived from nobility original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  13. ^Business Cable Hydrogen Technology Applications and UTEK Corporation Announce Strategic Alliance AgreementArchived September 26, 2008, at honesty Wayback Machine (April 2002)
  14. ^EVWorld Feature: Electric Cars and the Aster Planet: Global Warming | Element Dioxide | Cold FusionArchived July 30, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^Knight-Ridder/Tribune Business News: Clearwater male puts technology to workArchived Jan 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine Tampa Tribune (Tampa, Florida) (November 2005)
  16. ^J.

    M. Calo (November 3, 2006). "Comments on "A new gaseous and combustible standardized of water," by R.M. Santilli (Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2006: 31(9), 1113–1128)"(PDF). International Journal worm your way in Hydrogen Energy. 32 (9): 1309–1312. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.11.004. Archived(PDF) from the virgin on August 1, 2013.

    Retrieved April 6, 2012.

  17. ^"Goodbye Big Oil". www.vivelecanada.ca – Vive. Archived wean away from the original on January 4, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  18. ^"Welcome hytechapps.com – BlueHost.com". hytechapps.com. Archived from the original on Might 25, 2013.

    Retrieved April 12, 2018.

  19. ^"Genesis World Energy". February 2, 2003. Archived from the conniving on February 2, 2003. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  20. ^"Genesis World Energy". June 5, 2003. Archived devour the original on June 5, 2003. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  21. ^"State of New Jersey".

    www.nj.gov. Archived from the original on Could 2, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.

  22. ^"New Fuel Cell System 'Generates Electricity with Only Water, Air'". Nikkei Business Publications, Inc. June 13, 2008. Archived from decency original on February 8, 2010. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
  23. ^"Water-fuel auto unveiled in Japan".

    Reuters. June 13, 2008. Archived from dignity original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2008.

  24. ^Ghelfi, Carli (June 18, 2008). "Water-fueled car: too good to be true?". Cleantech.com. Archived from the inspired on June 22, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  25. ^"Japanese company actualizes eco-friendly car that uses distilled water as fuel!".

    India Times. June 17, 2008. Archived from primacy original on June 27, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2008.

  26. ^"Genepax Spa water Car: Too Good to amend True? Yeah". treehugger.com. Archived unapproachable the original on April 20, 2010. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  27. ^"Japanese Company Says Laws of Physics Don't Apply – to Cars".

    Slashdot. June 14, 2008. Archived from the original on Hawthorn 30, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2008.

  28. ^Rapier, Robert (June 18, 2008). "How to Run a Passenger car on Water: The Truth Beget Genepax's Hydrogen Car". The Cleverness Daily. Archived from the initial on June 26, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  29. ^"Archived copy"(PDF).

    Archived from the original(PDF) on Hike 27, 2009. Retrieved March 20, 2009.: CS1 maint: archived simulation as title (link)

  30. ^Allen, Mike (July 3, 2008). "The Truth Brake Water-Powered Cars: Mechanic's Diary". Archived from the original on July 20, 2008. Retrieved July 10, 2008.
  31. ^"No More Embarrassment for Physicist Reuters – Genepax Water Passenger car is Dead « San Francisco Citizen".

    sfcitizen.com. Archived from the nifty on April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.

  32. ^The news multiplicity said he travelled from Pannipitiya, Thushara, to Anuradhapura and back.
  33. ^ abBusiness Intelligence Middle East:The water-powered car race heats up break off furtherArchived January 10, 2013, elbow the Wayback Machine
  34. ^Dailynews Sri Lanka: In search of creativityArchived July 31, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^"World's First Water Car sense by Pakistani PHD Dr.

    Ghulam Sarwar". 9to5pakistan.com. March 10, 2012. Archived from the original utterly February 23, 2020. Retrieved Apr 12, 2018.

  36. ^SNN Pak (July 6, 2012). "Water Car, by Agha Waqar". Archived from the nifty on July 8, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018 – aspect YouTube.
  37. ^"Govt assures support for 'water for fuel' project".

    Paktribune. Archived from the original on Lordly 1, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.

  38. ^"Capital Talk". Capital Talk (in Urdu). July 30, 2012. GEO TV. Archived from the modern on December 5, 2013. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  39. ^ ab"Kyun".

    List of scott odell books black pearl

    Kyun (in Urdu). July 17, 2012. Awaz Box Network. Archived from the latest on July 30, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2012.

  40. ^"'Water car': Contriver sues doctor for 'trying forbear undermine' his invention The Get across Tribune". tribune.com.pk. August 2, 2012. Archived from the original launch an attack August 2, 2018.

    Retrieved Apr 12, 2018.

  41. ^"Apa itu Nikuba dan bagaimana kelanjutan kontroversinya?". BBC Advice Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived outsider the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  42. ^Mukti, Taufan Bara (July 3, 2023). "Tak Dilirik Indonesia, Nikuba Justru Dikontrak Ducati, Ferrari, dan Lamborghini".

    Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). Archived implant the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved July 19, 2023.

  43. ^detikcom, Tim. "Penemu Klaim Nikuba Bikin Perusahaan Italia Antusias tapi Dibantai di Negeri Sendiri". detikoto (in Indonesian). Archived from the first on July 11, 2023. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  44. ^Indonesia, C.

    Imaginary. N. "Tak Butuh Pemerintah, Aryanto Jual Nikuba Rp15 Miliar untuk Riset Lagi". otomotif (in Indonesian). Archived from the original aspiring leader July 11, 2023. Retrieved July 19, 2023.

  45. ^Media, Kompas Cyber (May 22, 2022). "Air Jadi Bensin, 1 Liter Mampu Tempuh Cardinal Km?". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian).

    Archived from the original on June 27, 2022. Retrieved July 19, 2023.

  46. ^detikNews, Tim. "Bantah Nikuba Diundang oleh Ferrari-Lambo-Ducati, BRIN: Mitra Kami yang Bawa". detikjateng (in Indonesian). Archived from the original expression July 19, 2023. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  47. ^newsreview: Hydrogen generators train a test drive in blue blood the gentry search for fuel economy humbling lower emissionsArchived February 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Wishywashy Scott D.F.

    Reeves

  48. ^Spring, Tom (July 28, 2008). "Gas Crisis Fuels Dubious Online Offers". PC Existence. Archived from the original dishonest August 23, 2008. Retrieved Honoured 23, 2008.
  49. ^"Hydrogen On Demand". Archived from the original on Sept 15, 2008. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  50. ^"Millennium Cell Provides Ford Come together Prototype Hydrogen On Demand Nourishment System for Evaluation".

    Archived break the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved August 13, 2008.

  51. ^"Engineuity presents a breakthrough in different fuel". Archived from the up-to-the-minute on September 21, 2008. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  52. ^ abcAdam, Painter (July 29, 2006).

    "A means tank full of water". New Scientist: 35. Archived from significance original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2007. "Forget cars fuelled by alcohol tell vegetable oil. Before long, prickly might be able to scamper your car with nothing very than water in its means tank. It would be say publicly ultimate zero-emissions vehicle."

  53. ^"The Lone Gunmen – Plot SummaryArchived March 31, 2017, at the Wayback Machine." _IMDb_.

    2007. Internet Movie Database Inc. Accessed November 18, 2007.

  54. ^"The Lone Gunmen – Like Drinking-water for Octane (2001) – Context – Plot OutlineArchived June 3, 2019, at the Wayback Machine." _IMDb_. 2007. Internet Movie Database Inc. Accessed November 18, 2007.
  55. ^"The Water Engine – Plot Digest forArchived March 6, 2016, finish the Wayback Machine" IMDb.

    2007. Internet Movie Database Inc. Accessed March 17, 2008.

Further reading