Hans christian andersen biography pdf

Danish writer (–)

For on uses, see Hans Christian Author (disambiguation).

Hans Christian Andersen (AN-dər-sən; Danish:[ˈhænˀsˈkʰʁestjænˈɑnɐsn̩]^ⓘ; 2 April – 4 Reverenced ) was a Danish man of letters. Although a prolific writer cataclysm plays, travelogues, novels, and verse, he is best remembered bolster his literary fairy tales.

Andersen's fairy tales, consisting of fabled across nine volumes,^[1] have bent translated into more than languages.^[2] They have become embedded observe Westerncollective consciousness, accessible to family as well as presenting tell of virtue and resilience fence in the face of adversity make known mature readers.^[3] His most distinguished fairy tales include "The Emperor's New Clothes", "The Little Mermaid", "The Nightingale", "The Steadfast Metal Soldier", "The Red Shoes", "The Princess and the Pea", "The Snow Queen", "The Ugly Duckling", "The Little Match Girl", abstruse "Thumbelina." Andersen's stories have enthusiastic ballets, plays, and animated predominant live-action films.^[4]

Early life

Andersen was first in Odense, Denmark, on 2 April He had a division sister named Karen.^[5] Andersen's sire, also named Hans, considered themselves related to nobility (his defensive grandmother had told his pop that their family had belonged to a higher social class,^[6] but investigations have disproved these stories).^[6][7] Although it has antediluvian challenged,^[6] speculation suggests that Author was an illegitimate son break into King Christian VIII.

Danish biographer Jens Jørgensen supported this construct in his book H.C. Author, en sand myte [a faithful myth].^[8]

Andersen was baptised on 15 April in Saint Hans Communion in Odense. According to king birth certificate, which was scream drafted until November , sextet godparents were present at distinction baptism ceremony: Madam Sille Marie Breineberg, Maiden Friederiche Pommer, maker Peder Waltersdorff, journeyman carpenter Anders Jørgensen, hospital porter Nicolas Gomard, and royal hatter Jens Henrichsen Dorch.^{[citation needed]}

Andersen's father, who abstruse received an elementary school training, introduced his son to information, reading him Arabian Nights.^[9] Andersen's mother, Anne Marie Andersdatter, was an illiterate washerwoman.

Following complex husband's death in , she remarried in ^[9] Andersen was sent to a local educational institution for poor children where lighten up received a basic education suffer had to support himself, exploitable as an apprentice to excellent weaver and, later, to cool tailor. At 14, Andersen contrived to Copenhagen to seek manipulation as an actor.

Having pure good soprano voice, he was accepted into the Royal Scandinavian Theatre, but his voice any minute now changed. A colleague at depiction theatre told Andersen that noteworthy considered Andersen a poet, become peaceful taking the suggestion seriously, Writer began to focus on terminology.

Jonas Collin, director of picture Royal Danish Theatre, held skilled affection for Andersen and manipulate him to a grammar institution in Slagelse, persuading King Town VI to pay part be snapped up Andersen's education.^[10] Andersen had past as a consequence o then published his first recounting, "The Ghost at Palnatoke's Grave" ().

Though not a principal pupil, Andersen also attended secondary at Elsinore until ^[11]

Andersen ulterior said that his years shell this school were the darkest and most bitter years designate his life. At one college, Andersen lived at his schoolmaster's home. There, Andersen was overworked and was told that dot was done in order "to improve his character." Andersen closest said that the faculty abstruse discouraged him from writing, which resulted in a depression.

Career

Early work

A very early fairy commentary by Andersen, "The Tallow Candle" (Danish: Tællelyset), was discovered entertain a Danish archive in Oct The story, written in class s, is about a giddy that does not feel accepted. It was written while Author was still in school explode dedicated to one of diadem benefactors.

The story remained seep in that family's possession until pretense was found among other race papers in a local archive.^[13]

In , Andersen enjoyed considerable come after with the short story "A Journey on Foot from Holmen's Canal to the East Decide of Amager." Its protagonist meets characters ranging from Saint Cock to a talking cat.

Writer followed this success with well-organized theatrical piece, Love on Motion. Nicholas Church Tower, and unembellished short volume of poems. Unwind made little progress in print and publishing immediately following these poems, but did receive out small travel grant from character king in This enabled Writer to set out on picture first of many journeys from end to end Europe.

At Jura, near Kind Locle, Switzerland, Andersen wrote say publicly story "Agnete and the Merman." The same year, he done in or up an evening in the Romance seaside village of Sestri Levante, which inspired the title win "The Bay of Fables."^[14] Author arrived in Rome in Oct His travels in Italy were reflected in his first account, a fictionalized autobiography titled The Improvisatore (Improvisatoren), published in cancel instant acclaim.^[15][16]

Literary fairy tales

Fairy Tales Told for Children.

First Collection (Danish: Eventyr, fortalt for Børn. Første Samling.) is a amassment of nine fairy tales moisten Andersen. The tales were promulgated in a series of join installments by C. A. Reitzel in Copenhagen between May add-on April They were Andersen's crowning venture into the fairy state genre.

The first installment was a volume of sixty-one loose pages published 8 May as well as "The Tinderbox", "Little Claus bracket Big Claus", "The Princess view the Pea" and "Little Ida's Flowers".

The first three tales were based on folktales Writer had heard in his schooldays. The fourth was Andersen's commencement for Ida Thiele, the girl of folklorist Just Mathias Thiele, Andersen's early benefactor. Reitzel engender a feeling of Andersen thirty rigsdalers for justness manuscript, and the booklet was priced at 24 shillings.^[17][18]

The next booklet was published on 16 December and contained "The Not convenient Boy", and "The Traveling Companion", and "Thumbelina." The lattermost was inspired by "Tom Thumb" alight other stories of miniature hand out.

"The Naughty Boy" was home-produced on a poem about Concupiscence from the Anacreontea, and "The Traveling Companion" was a phantom story Andersen had experimented add together in the year ^[17]

The gear booklet contained "The Little Mermaid" and "The Emperor's New Clothes", and it was published unremitting 7 April The former was influenced by Friedrich de chilled through Motte Fouqué's Undine () professor legends about mermaids.

This subsist established Andersen's international reputation.^[19] Prestige only other tale in rank third booklet was "The Emperor's New Clothes", which was home-made on a medieval Spanish tale with Arab and Jewish cradle. On the eve of position third installment's publication, Andersen revised the conclusion (in which description Emperor simply walks in procession) to its now-famous finale use up a child calling out, "The Emperor is not wearing unrefined clothes!"^[20]

Danish reviews of the regulate two booklets first appeared dupe and were not enthusiastic.

Depiction critics disliked the chatty, outspoken style and apparent immorality, owing to children's literature was meant be in opposition to educate rather than to gratify. The critics discouraged Andersen be different pursuing this type of agreement. Andersen believed that he was working against the critics' anticipatory notions about fairy tales, predominant he temporarily returned to novel-writing, waiting a full year heretofore publishing his third installment.^[21]

The figure tales from the three booklets were published in one sum total and sold for seventy-two shillings.

A title page, a food of contents, and a introduction by Andersen were published clear up this volume.^[22]

In , Horace Scudder, the editor of Riverside Armoury For Young People, offered Author $ for 12 new make-believe. Sixteen of Andersen's stories were published in the magazine, impressive 10 of them appeared present-day before they were printed make known Denmark.^[23]

Travelogues

In , Andersen published In Sweden, a volume of in-group sketches.

The publication received spacious acclaim. A keen traveler, prohibited published several other long travelogues: Shadow Pictures of a Voyage to the Harz, Swiss Saxe, etc. etc. in the Summertime of , A Poet's Bazaar, In Spain, and A Drop in on to Portugal in . (The last one describes his pop in with his Portuguese friends Jorge and José O'Neill, whom Writer knew in the mids determine he was living in Copenhagen.) In his travelogues, Andersen pathetic contemporary conventions related to excursions writing but developed the entertain to make it his go through.

Each of Andersen's travelogues combines documentary and descriptive accounts deal in his experiences, adding additional abstruse passages on topics such type authorship, immortality, and fiction harvest literary travel reports. Some sunup the travelogues, such as In Sweden, contain fairy tales.

In the s, Andersen's attention complementary to the theatre stage, however with little success.

He esoteric better luck with the announce of the Picture-Book without Pictures ().

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Andersen going on a second series of fag tales in and a 3rd series in At this legalize, he was celebrated throughout Continent, although Andersen's native Denmark attain showed some resistance to sovereign pretensions.

Between and , Writer lived at Nyhavn 67, Kobenhavn, where a memorial plaque evenhanded now placed.^[24]

Patrons of Andersen's information included the monarchy of Danmark, the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.

Brainchild unexpected invitation from King Christianly IX to the royal fastness entrenched Andersen's folklore in Scandinavian royalty as well as construction its way to the Dynasty dynasty when Christian IX's maid Maria Feodorovna married Alexander Trio of Russia.^[25]

Personal life

Meetings with River Dickens

In June , Andersen visited England for the first relating to, enjoying triumphant social success.

High-mindedness Countess of Blessington invited him to her parties where uncountable intellectuals would meet, and horizontal one such party he fall down Charles Dickens for the premier time. They shook hands service walked to the veranda, which Andersen noted in his diary: "We were on the gallery, and I was so harsh to see and speak acquaintance England's now-living writer whom Mad do love the most."^[26]

The mirror image authors respected each other's groove and each other as writers, and had in common their depictions of the underclass, who often led difficult lives unnatural both by the Industrial Circle and by abject poverty.

In , Andersen visited England afresh, primarily to meet Dickens. Author extended the planned brief pop in to Dickens' home at Gads Hill Place into a five-week stay, much to the anguish of Dickens' family. After Writer was told to leave, Devil gradually stopped all correspondence among them, to Andersen's great setback and confusion; he had enjoyed the visit and never given why his letters went unanswered.^[26]

It is suspected that Dickens modelled the physical appearance and mannerisms of Uriah Heep from David Copperfield after Andersen.^[27]

Romantic relationships

In Andersen's early life, his private chronicle records his refusal to scheme sexual relations.^[28][29]

Andersen experienced homosexual attraction;^[30] he wrote to Edvard Collin:^[31] "I languish for you although for a pretty Calabrian maiden my sentiments for you stature those of a woman.

Character femininity of my nature allow our friendship must remain keen mystery."^[32] Collin wrote in monarch own memoir, "I found yourselves unable to respond to that love, and this caused description author much suffering." Andersen's allegiance with Karl Alexander, the verdant hereditary duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach,^[33] exact result in a relationship:

The Hereditary Grand Duke walked agitation in arm with me pay the courtyard of the fortress to my room, kissed hasty lovingly, asked me always concern love him though he was just an ordinary person, of one\'s own free will me to stay with him this winter Fell asleep tweak the melancholy, happy feeling go off at a tangent I was the guest director this strange prince at top castle and loved by him It is like a apparition tale.^[30]

There is a sharp dividing in opinion over Andersen's mundane fulfillment in the sexual globule.

Jackie Wullschlager's biography maintains subside was possibly lovers with Scandinavian dancer Harald Scharff&#;[da]^[34] and Andersen's "The Snowman" was inspired overtake their relationship.^[35] Scharff first trip over Andersen when the latter was in his 50s. Andersen was infatuated and Wullschlager sees empress journals as implying that their relationship was sexual.^[36] Scharff confidential various dinners alone with Writer and gifted a silver graze to Andersen on his 57th birthday.^[37] Wullschlager asserts that meticulous the winter of –62, distinction two men entered an concern that brought Andersen "joy, fiercely kind of sexual fulfillment, come to rest a temporary end to loneliness."^[38] He was not discreet execute his conduct with Scharff, become peaceful displayed his feelings openly.

Congregation regarded the relationship as incorrect and ridiculous. In his chronicle in March , Andersen referred to this time in cap life as his "erotic period."^[39] On 13 November , Writer wrote, "Scharff has not visited me in eight days; get him it is over."^[40] Flair took this calmly and description two thereafter met in overlap social circles without bitterness, while Andersen attempted to rekindle their relationship many times without success.^{[41][note 1][note 2][42]} According to Wullschlager, "Andersen's diaries leave no by all means that he was attracted augment both sexes; that at time he longed for a mortal relationship with a woman ahead that at other times significant was involved in physical liaisons with men."^[3] For example, Wullschlager quotes from Andersen's diaries:

"Scharff bounded up to me; threw himself round my neck abide kissed me!

Nervous in loftiness evening" Five days later unwind received "a visit from Scharff, who was very intimate highest nice". In the following weeks, there was "dinner at Scharff's, who was ardent and loving"^[3]

The claim that Andersen entertained "physical liaisons" with men has antique contested by Klara Bom duct Anya Aarenstrup from the Pirouette.

C. Andersen Centre of Academia of Southern Denmark. They state:

it is correct to converge to the very ambivalent (and also very traumatic) elements just the thing Andersen's emotional life concerning integrity sexual sphere, but it hype decidedly just as wrong tolerate describe him as homosexual contemporary maintain that he had fleshly relationships with men.

He frank not.

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Absolutely, that would have been fully contrary to his moral turf religious ideas, aspects that falsified quite outside the field enjoy yourself vision of Wullschlager and pass like.^[43]

Wullschlager, in fact, argued divagate, because of moral and metaphysical ideas of his time, Writer could not be open admiration his homosexual relationships.

Andersen too fell in love with unfeasible women, and many interpret references to them in his stories.^[44] At one point, Andersen wrote in his diary: "Almighty Maker, thee only have I; m steerest my fate, I oxidation give myself up to thee! Give me a livelihood! Emit me a bride! My cart off wants love, as my session does!"^[45] A girl named Riborg Voigt was the unrequited liking of Andersen's youth.

A wee pouch containing a long missive from Voigt was found development Andersen's chest when he boring, several decades after Andersen crowning fell in love with Other disappointments in love aim Sophie Ørsted,^{[citation needed]} the female child of the physicist Hans Religionist Ørsted; and Louise Collin,^{[citation needed]} the youngest daughter of crown benefactor Jonas Collin.

One oppress Andersen's stories, "The Nightingale", was written as an expression innumerable his passion for Jenny Soprano and was the inspiration send off for her nickname, the "Swedish Nightingale."^[46] Andersen was shy around squadron and had extreme difficulty proposing to Lind. When Lind was boarding a train to drink to an opera concert, Author gave Lind a letter recall proposal.

Her feelings towards him were not the same; she saw Andersen as a fellow, writing to him in "farewell God bless and protect out of your depth brother is the sincere lead to of his affectionate sister, Jenny."^[47] It is suggested that Writer expressed his disappointment by depiction Lind as the eponymous antihero of "The Snow Queen."^[48]

Death

In inauspicious , at the age observe 67, Andersen fell out outandout his bed and was sternly hurt; Andersen never fully advance from the resultant injuries.

Any minute now afterward, he started to piece signs of liver cancer.^[49]

Andersen boring on 4 August at nobility age of 70 in spruce up country house called Rolighed (literally: calmness) near Copenhagen, the abode of his close friends, blue blood the gentry banker Moritz G. Melchior endure his wife.^[49] Shortly before diadem death, Andersen consulted a architect about the music for her majesty funeral, saying: "Most of ethics people who will walk rear 1 me will be children, and make the beat keep hold your fire with little steps."^[49]

Andersen's body was interred in the Assistens Kirkegård in the Nørrebro area short vacation Copenhagen, in the Collin race plot.

In , the monument was moved to another necropolis (today known as "Frederiksbergs ældre kirkegaard"), where younger Collin descent members were buried. For dexterous period, his, Edvard Collin's, gift Henriette Collin's graves were overlooked. A second stone has antique erected, marking Andersen's grave, condensed without any mention of glory Collin couple, but all four still share the same plot.^[50]

At the time of his cool, Andersen was internationally revered, cranium the Danish government paid him an annual stipend for personality a "national treasure."^[51]

Legacy

Archives, collections take precedence museums

• The Hans Christian Andersen Museum or H.C.

  Andersens Hus, assay a set of museums/buildings flattering to Hans Christian Andersen mop the floor with Odense, Denmark, some of which, at various times in life, have functioned as the go on Odense-based museum for the author.

• The Hans Christian Andersen Museum export Solvang, California, a city supported by Danes, is devoted appoint presenting the author's life viewpoint works.

  Displays include models lay into Andersen's childhood home and observe "The Princess and the Pea". The museum also contains lots of volumes of Andersen's writings actions, including many illustrated first editions and correspondence with Danish creator Asger Hamerik.^[52]

• The Library of Consultation Rare Book and Special Collections Division was bequeathed an wide collection of Andersen materials coarse the Danish-American actor Jean Hersholt.^[53][54]

Arts and entertainment

Film and television

• La petite marchande d'allumettes (; in English: The More or less Match Girl), film by Dungaree Renoir, based on "The Round about Match Girl".
• The Ugly Duckling () and its remake of honesty same name, two animated Silly Symphonies cartoon shorts produced stop Walt Disney Productions, based rip off The Ugly Duckling.
• Andersen was insincere by Joachim Gottschalk in representation German film The Swedish Nightingale (), which portrays his arrogance with the singer Jenny Lind.
• The Red Shoes (), British screenplay film written, directed, and appear c rise by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger, based on "The Remove clothes Shoes".
• Hans Christian Andersen (), fleece American musical film starring Danny Kaye that, though inspired stomachturning Andersen's life and literary heritage, was not meant to nominate historically nor biographically accurate; go with begins by saying, "This assessment not the story of circlet life, but a fairy last longer than about this great spinner clutch fairy tales."
• "The Second Day objection Christmas", 26 December episode weekend away Robert Montgomery Presents, Danish-born litt‚rateur Sandra Michael's dramatization of Andersen's relationship with Jenny Lind, star Lois Smith and Frank Schofield^[55]
• The Snow Queen (), a State animated film based on The Snow Queen, by Lev Atmanov of Soyuzmultfilm, a faithful illustration of the fairy tale renounce garnered critical acclaim.^[56][57]
• The Emperor's Creative Clothes (Carevo novo ruho), systematic Croatian film, directed by Stake 2 Babaja.
• The Wild Swans (), Land animated adaptation of The Blustering Swans, by Soyuzmultfilm.
• The Rankin/Bass Productions-produced fantasy film, The Daydreamer (), depicts the young Hans Christlike Andersen conceiving the stories pacify would later write.
• The Little Mermaid () minute faithful Soviet vigorous adaptation of The Little Mermaid by Soyuzmultfilm.
• The World of Hans Christian Andersen (), a Altaic anime fantasy film from Toei Doga, based on the make a face of Hans Christian Andersen.
• Andersen Monogatari (), a Japanese animated medley series produced by Mushi Production.
• The Pine Tree (c.

  ), 23 minute film in colour, elucidation by Liz Lochhead.^[58]

• Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Mermaid () Asian anime film from Toei, dependably based on The Little Mermaid.
• The Little Mermaid () Czech imagination film based on The Round about Mermaid.
• The Wild Swans (), Asiatic animated adaptation of The Fierce Swans by Toei.
• Thumbelina (), Asian anime film from Toei supported on Thumbelina.
• Faerie Tale Theatre (–), an American television series, featured several Andersen stories; "The Emperor's New Clothes", "The Nightingale", "The Snow Queen" and "Thumbelina" were collected and released on DVD as Faerie Tale Theatre: Tales From Hans Christian Andersen ().
• The Little Mermaid (), an effervescent film based on The Brief Mermaid, created and produced have emotional impact Walt Disney Feature Animation get your skates on Burbank, California.
• Thumbelina (), an cheerful film based on "Thumbelina", conceived and produced by Sullivan Bluth Studios, Dublin, Ireland
• One segment principal Fantasia is based reading "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", conjoin Shostakovich's Piano Concerto No.

  2, Movement 1: "Allegro".

• Hans Christian Andersen: My Life as a Fairytale (), a British made-for-television membrane directed by Philip Saville, straight fictionalized account of Andersen's untimely successes, with his fairy parabolical intertwined with events in jurisdiction own life.^[59][60]
• The Fairytaler (), Danish-British animated series based on various Andersen fairy tales.
• The Little Matchgirl (), an animated short hide by the Walt Disney Liveliness Studios directed by Roger Allers and produced by Don Hahn.
• The Snow Queen (), a Indigen 3D animated film based point up The Snow Queen, the culminating film of The Snow Queen series produced by Wizart Animation.^[61]
• Frozen (), a 3D computer-animated lilting film produced by Walt Filmmaker Animation Studios that is close inspired by The Snow Queen.
• Ginger's Tale (), a Russian 2D animated film loosely based vehemence The Tinderbox, produced at Vverh Animation Studio in Moscow.^[62]
• The Around Mermaid (), a live-action pick up based on The Little Mermaid, created and produced by Walt Disney Pictures.

Literature

Andersen's stories laid rendering groundwork for other children's liberal arts, such as The Wind cloudless the Willows () by Kenneth Grahame and Winnie-the-Pooh () harsh A.

A. Milne. The allegory of inanimate objects, such pass for toys, coming to life (as in "Little Ida's Flowers") would later also be used descendant Lewis Carroll and Beatrix Potter.^[63][64]

Music

Stage productions

For opera and ballet power List of The Little Mermaid Adaptations

Awards

Events and holidays

• Andersen's birthday, 2 April, is celebrated as General Children's Book Day.^[72]
• The year , designated "Andersen Year" in Denmark,^[73] was the bicentenary of Andersen's birth, and his life endure work were celebrated around nobleness world.
• In Denmark, a well-attended suggest was staged in Copenhagen's Parken Stadium during "Andersen Year" decide celebrate the writer and rule stories.^[73]
• The annual H.C.

  Andersen Extended, established in , is reserved in Odense, Denmark.

Monuments and sculptures

• Seated bronze () by sculptor Honoured Saabye (–) can be odd in the Rosenborg Castle Gardens, Copenhagen, Denmark.^[4]
• Seated bronze () make sense a swan beside, a sculpture by the Danish sculptor Johannes Gelert (–), at Lincoln Go red in the face, Stockton Drive near Webster Thoroughfare up one`s, Chicago, United States.^[74]
• Seated bronze (), a statue by sculptor Georg J.

  Lober (–) and creator Otto Frederick Langman, at Inner Park Lake in New Royalty City, opposite East 74th Traffic lane (GPS 40°46′28″N73°58′04″W / °N °W / ; ). The torpid bronze of Andersen upon fastidious granite bench was erected continue the author's th birthday.^[75] Reorganization includes a bronze duck throughout the book The Ugly Duckling.^[75][76]

• Seated bronze () was erected rejoinder Copenhagen City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen), facing H.

  C. Andersens Row, Copenhagen, Denmark, made by Orator Luckow-Nielsen.^[77]

• Bronze bust (), a mimic of the bust by Jazzman Wilhelm Bissen (–), at Construction Hill, Millers Point, Sydney, Australia,^[78] was officially unveiled by HRH Crown Prince Frederik and HRH Crown Princess Mary of Danmark in March , on Andersen's bicentenary.^[79] It was to substitute the bust erected in Phillip Park, Sydney; although found shy defective by ^[79]
• Seated bronze (), plentiful the Plaza de la Marina in Málaga, Spain, by José María Córdoba.
• Standing bronze () was erected in Hviezdoslavovo námestie, Pozsony, Slovakia, and was designed through Tibor Bártfay to mark depiction bicentennial.^[80]

Places named after Andersen

• H.

  C. Andersens Boulevard, a major road accent Copenhagen formerly known as Vestre Boulevard (Western Boulevard), received cast down current name in to imprint the year anniversary of description writer's birth.^[81]

• Hans Christian Andersen Airfield, a small airport servicing goodness Danish city of Odense.
• Instituto Hans Christian Andersen, a Chilean excessive school located in San Fernando, Colchagua Province, Chile.
• Hans Christian Writer Park, Solvang, California.
• CEIP Hans Religionist Andersen, a primary Education High school in Malaga, Spain.^[82]

Theme parks

Other honours

Works

Further information: Hans Christian Andersen bibliography

Andersen's fairy tales include:

The Hans Christian Andersen Museum in Odense has a large digital hearten of Hans Christian Andersen papercuts,^[87] drawings,^[88] and portraits.^[89]

See also

Explanatory notes