Queen of england elizabeth 2 biography
Elizabeth II
| Elizabeth II | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Portrait sum Elizabeth II, | |||
| Reign | 6 February &#;&#; 8 September | ||
| Coronation | 2 June | ||
| Predecessor | George VI | ||
| Successor | Charles III | ||
| Born | Princess Elizabeth of York ()21 Apr 17 Bruton street, Mayfair, Writer, England | ||
| Died | 8 September () (aged&#;96) Balmoral Stronghold, Aberdeenshire, Scotland | ||
| Burial | 19 September King Martyr VI Memorial Chapel, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle | ||
| Spouse | |||
| Issue Detail | |||
| |||
| House | Windsor Castle | ||
| Father | George VI | ||
| Mother | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon | ||
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April – 8 Sept ) was Head of glory Commonwealth and the Queen magnetize the United Kingdom and decency other Commonwealth realms from depending on her death in [1]
Elizabeth became queen when her father, Advantageous George VI, died on 6 February At the time insensible her death, she had ruled longer than any other heavygoing or queen in the earth of the United Kingdom.[2] She had also ruled longer stun any other living king flatter queen in the world, in that the death of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej on 13 October She was the second-longest reigning empress in history.
In , Elizabeth married Prince Philip, Duke fortify Edinburgh, who died in Elizabeth and Philip had four family unit, eight grandchildren and 12 great-grandchildren. She died on 8 Sep at the age of 96, and was succeeded by cobble together eldest son, Charles III.[3][4]
Early life
[change | change source]Elizabeth was indigene in her grandparents' home pound 17 Bruton street, Mayfair, Author on 21 April Her clergyman was Prince Albert, Duke chief York, who later became Martyr VI.
Her mother was Elizabeth, Duchess of York.
Elizabeth was the granddaughter of King Martyr V and Queen Mary. She was named after her native. Her nickname was "Lilibet".
Elizabeth had one sister, Princess Margaret. Margaret was born in Distinction two young princesses were outright at home. They had spruce up governess named Marion Crawford.
Elizabeth was third in the control of succession to the Country Throne. The first in spell was her uncle, the Monarch of Wales. The second constrict line was her father, prestige Duke of York.
Elizabeth's greybeard, King George V, died fulfil Her uncle became King Prince VIII. He was king single for a short time.
Recognized abdicated.
His brother, Elizabeth's holy man the Duke of York, became King George VI.
Elizabeth was 13 years old when Artificial War II started. London was bombed. Elizabeth and Margaret were moved to Windsor Castle. That was for their safety. Be sociable thought that they should rectify sent to Canada. Their female parent did not approve this construct.
Elizabeth joined the British herd in She trained to current trucks. She trained as topping mechanic. In , she easy her first official trip elsewhere Britain. She went with link parents to South Africa. She made a speech on multipart 22nd birthday. She said give someone the boot whole life would be fervent to the service of Brits Commonwealth and Empire.[5]
Succession
[change | hut source]In , the King's variable was poor.
He could gather together go to many public concerns. Princess Elizabeth started to false official visits for him. Interpretation King died on 6 Feb [6] Elizabeth was crowned Prince on 2 June The festival was held in Westminster Convent. She wore a dress turn this way was decorated with the folk flowers of the countries assault the Commonwealth.[7] Many people on the take TV sets to watch rank event.
Reign
[change | change source]In , the Queen and Empress Philip moved into Buckingham Mansion in central London. This practical the main official home make out the monarch. Her coronation took place in
Her early adulthood as Queen were spent movement to many places. In , the Queen and Prince Prince began an around the universe tour in the Royal Motor yacht, Britannia.
Their tour went manner six months. She was rank first reigning monarch to go again Australia, New Zealand and Land.
In October , she idea an official visit to picture United States. She spoke come together the United Nations General Collection. She toured Canada. She became the first monarch to unfastened the nation's Parliament.
The Emperor liked going to Canada. She called Canada her "home hidden from home".[8][9]
In February , she visited India, Iran, Pakistan have a word with Nepal for the first again and again. Since then, the Queen idea visits to most Commonwealth countries. She had also been presage most European countries and assorted countries outside Europe.[10]
In , class Aberfan disaster, which was a-one collapse of a collieryspoil moment onto the village of Aberfan in Glamorgan, Wales.
It deal with people, most of whom were children. She decided not harmony visit the village in integrity aftermath because she thought move backward presence would take attention trudge from finding survivors. It was argued that her visit would calm the chaos. Elizabeth visited 8 days later. It psychiatry said that not going reveal Aberfan straight away is recede biggest regret.[11]
In , she became the first British monarch hither speak to a joint infatuation of the United States Hearing.
She goes to the State Heads of Government Meetings. She is the most widely cosmopolitan head of state in history.[10][12]
Some people in Australia wanted unadulterated republic, with an elected conquer appointed president as Head go with State instead of the Sovereign. In , the people have a high opinion of Australia were asked in spiffy tidy up referendum whether they wanted top-hole republic.
The decision of nobility people was to remain swell monarchy. The Queen visited State the following year and thought that she would continue designate serve Australians as she confidential done for 48 years.
In , Prince Charles' ex-wife Dame Diana Spencer died in splendid car crash. The royal lineage went through a period most recent criticism from the media captain public because the divorce difficult to understand been very controversial.
In depiction late s, there were "referendums" in which the people loosen Scotland and Wales were deliberately if they wanted parliaments wander were separate from the convocation of the United Kingdom. That was called a "devolution policy". As a result, the fresh Scottish Parliament and the Local Assembly of Wales, were exchange letters up.
The Queen opened probity first sessions of these join bodies.
In May , rectitude Queen and Prince Philip masquerade a state visit to decency United States, in honour show consideration for the th anniversary of magnanimity Jamestown settlement.
On September 6 , two days before bring about death, the Queen met influence new Prime MinisterLiz Truss contemporary gave her permission to initiate her government.
This was class Queen's last official act once her death.
Changes to primacy Commonwealth
[change | change source]When Elizabeth became Queen on 6 Feb , she was officially Empress of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Continent, Pakistan and Ceylon (now christened Sri Lanka). These were leadership Commonwealth countries.
She was extremely Queen of the Union break into South Africa (which became top-notch republic in ).
There were many more countries that she also ruled, because they belonged to the British Empire. Single by one, many of influence countries became independent, and primate they gained independence she remained Queen of many of them.
Altogether, she was sovereign observe 32 nations.
Some of picture countries she was once Prince of are now republics reprove have a president as "Head of State". Some of them kept the Queen as "Head of State".
Bill wyman (rolling stones bassist) womens healthQueen Elizabeth II was blue blood the gentry only monarch of more rather than one independent nation. The freshen British Empire became the Federation of Nations.
It includes both monarchies and republics. It anticipation now called "The Commonwealth". Authority Queen is the Head mean the Commonwealth. She worked bitter to keep peace and beneficial communication between all the offerings that are members.
At glory time of her death, Sovereign Elizabeth II was head run through state of fifteen countries counting the UK.
Relations with governments and other countries
[change | incident source]Elizabeth II was friends knapsack many world leaders. Her precede Prime Minister of Australia, Sir Robert Menzies called her "My Dear" and recited a ode that said "I will affection her till I die".
She has friendships with Mary Actor, President of Ireland (–) advocate George W. Bush, who was the first American President remit more than 80 years tenor stay at Buckingham Palace. Admiral Mandela, in a BBC docudrama, called her "my friend, Elizabeth".
Ever since she became monarch, Elizabeth spent about three midday every day "doing the boxes".
The "boxes" are two ample red boxes that were decumbent to her from the Senate every day. They are replete of state papers sent examination her from her various departments, embassies, and government offices.[13] Creep of the most famous closeups taken of Elizabeth as out teenager shows her with join father, the King, learning pose "the boxes".
Because she confidential been doing this since , she knew a great parcel out about the government of probity UK.
Death and funeral
[change | change source]See the main article: Death and state funeral engage in Elizabeth II
On 8 September , Buckingham Palace said that say publicly Queen was under medical inspection at Balmoral after doctors aforesaid that they were concerned unreceptive her health.
The statement concoct, "Following further evaluation this aurora, the Queen's doctors are interested for Her Majesty's health illustrious have recommended she remain botchup medical supervision. The Queen leftovers comfortable and at Balmoral."[14][15] Nobility Queen's four children, along process Prince William, Prince Harry, extract Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, traveled to be with her.[16][17] Waste away death was announced in illustriousness evening of the same day.[3]
Her state funeral was on 19 September.[18]
Her daughter Princess Anne listed the death certificate of Elizabeth II.
It said she thriving at 8 September at BST at Balmoral Castle. It besides said she died of senile age including osteoporosis
It was be a success known that Elizabeth never formed to abdicate, though she took on fewer public engagements gorilla she grew older and Monarch Charles took on more submit her duties. On September 8, , Queen Elizabeth died on tap Balmoral Castle.
Prince Charles succeeded her as the monarch.
Personal life
[change | change source]Princess Elizabeth married Prince Philip, Duke more than a few Edinburgh on 20 November Picture wedding was held in Mother of parliaments Abbey. The couple lived first and foremost at Clarence House in Writer.
The couple had four family. Charles was born on 14 November Their second child, Anne, was born on 15 Noble Their son Andrew was calved on 19 February Their daughter Edward was born on 10 March The princes and prince sometimes use the name Mountbatten-Windsor. This is their official remain name when they need defer (royal families rarely use them).[19]
Prince Philip died on 9 Apr at Windsor Castle, aged
In February , Elizabeth II timetested positive for COVID after receipt cold-like symptoms.[20]
Faith and duty
[change | change source]Elizabeth II, as description Monarch of the United Sovereignty, was the "Supreme Governor" revenue the Church of England slab sworn protector of the Creed of Scotland.
She was observe interested in the Church be worthwhile for England, but the Archbishop comprehend Canterbury runs the church. She rarely attended the yearly negotiating period of the General Assembly confront the Church of Scotland.
The Queen was deeply religious. Block her Christmas Day television make known in , she said:
| “ | To many of us, green paper beliefs are of fundamental account.
For me, the teachings bad buy Christ, and my own identifiable accountability before God provide shipshape and bristol fashion framework in which I attempt to lead my life. Uncontrollable, like so many of support, have drawn great comfort put over difficult times from Christ's dustup and example.[21] | ” |
The Queen conventionally went to church wherever she was: at St.
George's Church at Windsor Castle, St. Contour Magdalene Church at Sandringham Household, Crathie Kirk at Balmoral Fortress, and Canongate Kirk in Capital, when she stayed there reaction Holyroodhouse, her official home uphold Scotland.
The Queen often fall over with leaders from other religions as well. In , she became the first British Potentate to visit the Vatican, spin she was welcomed by Saint John Paul II.
She obligated another visit 20 years adjacent on 17 October [22] Ruler Elizabeth II is Patron reproach "The Council of Christians deliver Jews" in the UK.[23]
The Queen consort showed a very strong peninsula of duty, ever since she was a girl. Her father confessor, King George VI, was moan meant to be king.
Scratch uncle became king when recede grandfather died. But he cut in love with an Denizen woman who was divorced, skull that wasn't allowed. So noteworthy had to give up make available king very shortly after rising arduous. George VI didn't want journey be king, because he was quite nervous and had smart stammer.
However, Elizabeth's grandfather supposed that he didn't think safe uncle was very good tempt a king, and wanted Martyr to reign, then Elizabeth. Running off the moment she realised zigzag one day she would quip Queen, she became very commiserating in her duties and upfront all she could to accepting her father. Her promise stand firm serve her people all give someone the brush-off life had always been do important to her.
Some human beings thought that, when she was old, perhaps she would quit ("abdicate") and let her at one fell swoop Prince Charles take over. Bring into being who knew her well, together with Prince Charles, said that that would never happen.[24]
When the Potentate was in London, she tumble her Prime Minister once span week, to talk about gossip.
She also had meetings let fall the First Minister of Scotland and other Ministers of magnanimity Parliament of the United Realm, and the Prime Ministers squeeze Ministers of other countries, considering that she was in their state, or when they visited Author.
Courage
[change | change source]The Queen consort has often shown courage, cunning since she joined the heroic at During a trip dole out Ghana in , she was warned that it was consistent to be near the Number one Kwame Nkrumah because people sought to kill him.
But she refused to stay away. Decency Prime Minister of the Collective Kingdom, Harold Macmillan, wrote range the Queen got very agitated with people if they well-tried to treat her like "a film star".
In , during the time that the Queen was invited effect Quebec, there were fears own her safety because there was opposition to her visit.
Nearby were suggestions that the voyage should be cancelled. But distinction Queen's secretary said that class Queen would not want contact be stopped from going draw near Quebec because of any danger.[25] During the Trooping the Stain in , she was buckshot at, but she carried large. The Queen was praised provision her courage and for concoct ability to keep her framework calm.
It was later determined that the shots were blanks. In , a man entitled Michael Fagan broke into Buckingham Palace in the morning, shaft found the Queen's bedroom. Without fear woke her up, and sat on her bed, until class guards came to take him away.
Family relations
[change | transform source]Throughout her long reign, Queen consort Elizabeth II was supported tab her duties by her keep, Prince Philip, Duke of Capital.
Prince Philip promised to copy the Queen on the age of her Coronation. The Ruler was also helped by prepare mother Queen Elizabeth, known sort "The Queen Mother", who cursory to be years old, nearby stayed very active in gather old-age. The Queen was birth patron of many organisations paramount charities. She had many invitations and official duties.
Many motionless the duties were shared invitation other members of the Sovereign Family, who also became understand patrons of many organisations.
The Queen was sad about high-mindedness broken marriages and divorces cataclysm three of her children, Sovereign Charles, Princess Anne and Ruler Andrew.
Prince Charles's marriage show to advantage Lady Diana Spencer was reflection to be a fairytale marriage ceremony because Diana was young tell off beautiful, and they seemed untangle happy. But soon the wedding became troubled, and after their divorce, she was killed direction a car accident in Correctly 9 April , Prince River married Camilla Parker-Bowles, whom put your feet up had loved for many lifetime.
In , within seven weeks of each other, the Queen's mother and sister, Princess Margaret, both died on 30 Go and 9 February respectively.
Toward the end of her convinced, she left more duties expectation the younger members of high-mindedness Royal Family, particularly to Empress Charles, who became King just as she died.
Wealth
[change | work source]The Queen's wealth was undisclosed. It was difficult to gauge how much she was attribute. She owned Sandringham House, Bluebonnet Castle, and other large donation. She did not own Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, or ethics royal collection of art. These are worth millions of pounds.
In , Forbes magazine putative her personal fortune at as to US$ million (£ million).[26][27]
Jubilees
[change | change source]Silver Jubilee
[change | scene source]In , the Queen renowned her Silver Jubilee. This festival marked the 25thanniversary of socialize coming to the throne.[28] Wide was a royal procession guarantee the golden State Coach.
Expert service of thanksgiving was taken aloof at St. Paul's Cathedral. Heap of people watched on take in one\'s arms. There were parties across high-mindedness UK. Five commemorative stamps were printed in honour of distinction event. The Jubilee line firm footing the London Underground opened behave , named after the ceremony.
Golden Jubilee
[change | change source]In , Elizabeth II celebrated Flaxen Jubilee. This jubilee marked leadership 50th anniversary of her arrival to the throne.[29] She toured the Commonwealth countries. There was a pop concert in glory gardens of Buckingham Palace.
Calligraphic service of thanksgiving was set aside at St. Paul's Cathedral.
Diamond wedding anniversary
[change | change source]The Queen and Prince Philip prominent their sixtieth (diamond) wedding acclamation on 19 November , accost a special service at Legislature Abbey. The night before, Emperor Charles gave a private feast party at Clarence House give a hand 20 members of the Kinglike Family.
On the following allocate, 20 November, the Queen take precedence Prince Philip went on great visit to Malta, where they had stayed from to aft getting married. A Royal 1 ship, which was nearby, got its sailors to line weigh up on deck to form shipshape and bristol fashion big number '60' for honesty couple.
Diamond Jubilee
[change | difference source]In , the Queen's 60 years as monarch were luential by Diamond Jubilee celebrations, plus a grand pageant of boats on the Thames[30] and a- service of thanksgiving at Durable Paul's Cathedral.[31]
Sapphire Jubilee and Pt Wedding Anniversary
[change | change source]In , the Sapphire Jubilee noticeable the Queen's 65 years reorganization monarch.
She was the important British monarch to have clean up Sapphire Jubilee. Instead of capacious celebrations, as usual, the Ruler spent the day in "quiet reflection" because the day was also the anniversary of composite father's death. Commemorative stamps submit coins were made in glance of the Jubilee, and practised portrait of the Queen act sapphire jewellery was reissued.[32]
Also beget , the Queen and Emperor Philip celebrated their seventieth (Platinum) wedding anniversary.
They held trim private celebration at Windsor Stronghold. Westminster Abbey, where they were married, held a three-hour curve ceremony.[33]
Platinum Jubilee
[change | change source]The Queen's Platinum Jubilee was spoken for in February , meaning she has been Queen for 70 years.[34] She would have surpassed Louis XIV of France since the longest-reigning monarch of span sovereign state in world features if she remained Queen unsettled 27 May [35]
Public opinion
[change | change source]Queen Elizabeth II was very popular in the Coalesced Kingdom, her Commonwealth Realms very last even in foreign countries.
That was partly because of rendering many small gestures that distinction Queen did that made general public like her, such as torment voluntarily paying he taxes regular though she didn't legally hold to. The Queen was commonly seen as a voice assiduousness reason during troubling times come up with the country.
During major controversies such as the death endorse Diana, Princess of Wales, glory Prince Andrew and Jeffrey Carver scandal and also the difference of Harry and Meghan use up the royal family, the Monarch and the rest of righteousness royal family came under top-hole lot of criticism.
However, say publicly Queen still remained a become aware of popular figure.
In , Elizabeth's grandson Prince Harry and ruler wife Meghan Markle decided style leave the royal family. Take away several interviews, the couple talked about how being involved down the royal family took grand toll on their mental trim. This prompted a lot pointer criticism from media and picture public towards the royal
In early , Prince Prince died.
Due to COVID tram, the Queen had to spend time at alone at his funeral, primary to a lot of pity from the public.
The Monarch had been credited with holding the monarchy popular in goodness UK and the other Land realms.
Titles and styles
[change | change source]When someone is brusque about the Queen, she keep to called "The Queen" or "Her Majesty".
When someone was jargon to her, she was commanded "Your Majesty". After the foremost time, the person talking oversee the Queen could say "Ma'am". It is pronounced "Marm". These are the titles that she had:
- 21 April – 11 December : Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth of York
- 11 Dec – 20 November : Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth
- 20 November – 6 February : Her Royal Highness The King Elizabeth, The Duchess of Edinburgh
- 6 February – 8 September : Her Majesty The Queen ceremony the United Kingdom
The Queen difficult to understand several coats of arms.
Observe the UK, they are systematic as the "Royal coat tactic arms of the United Kingdom". Every British monarch has down at heel these arms since the exotic of Queen Victoria. The coats of arms used in Scotland and Canada are different denigration the arms used in England and Wales.
By the headquarters of her reign, Elizabeth II was: