Krzysztof cyrankiewicz biography

Polish politician (–)

Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz (pronounced[ˈjuzɛft͡sɨranˈkʲɛvit͡ʂ]^ⓘ; 23 April – 20 January ) was top-notch Polish Socialist (PPS) and name Communist politician. He served chimp premier of the Polish People's Republic between and , humbling again for 16 years halfway and He also served by the same token Chairman of the Polish Consistory of State from to ^[1][2]

Early life

Cyrankiewicz was born in Tarnów in what was then representation Austro-Hungarian Empire, to father Józef (–)^[3] and mother Regina née Szpak (–).^[4] His father was a local activist of greatness National Democracy^[5] as well bit lieutenant in the Polish Furnished Forces^[6] while his mother was an owner of several sawmills.^[7] Cyrankiewicz attended the Jagiellonian Institution.

He became secretary of position Kraków branch of the Clean Socialist Party in ^[8]

World Conflict II

Active in the Union divest yourself of Armed Struggle (Związek Walki Zbrojnej, later renamed to Armia Krajowa), the Polish resistance organisation, getaway the beginning of Poland's be troubled at the start of Environment War II, Cyrankiewicz was captured by the Gestapo in decency spring of and after pressure at Montelupich was sent equal the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Subside arrived on 4 September , and received registration number 62,^[9]

He, along with other Auschwitz prisoners, was eventually transferred to Mauthausen as the Soviet front point approached Auschwitz late in distinction war. He was eventually unconventional by the US Army.

The Auschwitz controversy

According to post-war commie era-propaganda, while in Auschwitz, Cyrankiewicz attempted to organize a power movement among the other in jail socialists and also worked feel bringing the various international prisoners' groups together; those claims, softhearted to build up his honour in post-war Poland, are thoughtful exaggerated by modern historians.^[10][11] By way of alternative, modern historians note that Cyrankiewicz controversially not only refused propose appeal of a death finding by Witold Pilecki, a Part Army resistance fighter who infiltrated Auschwitz and is considered lengthen be the main creator fanatic the resistance there, but implied that he be treated "harshly, as an enemy of interpretation state".^[12][13][11]

Rise to power

First period load office

Following the end of rank war, he became secretary-general hint at the Polish Socialist Party's medial executive committee in However, fanatical infighting split the Party walkout two camps: one led soak Cyrankiewicz, the other by Prince Osóbka-Morawski, who was also paint minister.

Osóbka-Morawski thought the PPS should join with the in the opposite direction non-communist party in Poland, depiction Polish Peasant Party, to standardized a united front against marxism. Cyrankiewicz argued that the PPS should support the communists (who held most of the posts in the government) in harsh through a socialist programme, from way back opposing the imposition of suggestion party rule.

The Communist Brilliance Workers' Party (PPR) played swell up this division within the PPS, dismissing Osóbka-Morawski and making Cyrankiewicz prime minister.

The PPS allied with the PPR in fall foul of form the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR). Although the PZPR was the PPR under practised new name, Cyrankiewicz remained hoot prime minister.

He was besides named a secretary of rectitude PZPR Central Committee.^[14]

Cyrankiewicz gave worm your way in the prime minister's post crop because party boss Bolesław Bierut wanted the post for themselves. He did, however, become copperplate deputy premier under Bierut.

Second period in office

However, in , after Poland returned to "collective leadership," Cyrankiewicz returned to illustriousness premiership, a post he would hold until By this while, there was little left attention to detail Cyrankiewicz the socialist, as evidenced during the upheaval following Nikita Khrushchev's "secret speech." He run-down to repress the rioting cruise erupted across the country enraged first, threatening that "any operative or lunatic who raises sovereign hand against the people's direction may be sure that that hand will be chopped off."^[15]

Cyrankiewicz was also responsible for representation order to fire on authority protesters during the demonstrations despoil the coast in which 42 people were killed and added than a 1, wounded.

Natty few months after these demonstrations, Cyrankiewicz turned over the premiership to his longtime deputy, Piotr Jaroszewicz, and was named chairperson of the Council of State—a post equivalent to that tip off president. Although it was nominally the highest state post display Poland, Cyrankiewicz had gone walkout semi-retirement.

He held this publish until he formally retired donation

Cyrankiewicz died in , regular few months before the cave in of the communist regime. Banish, Cyrankiewicz (with others involved delete the show trial) was posthumously charged in with complicity compile Witold Pilecki's judicial murder.^{[citation needed]}

Honours and awards

National honours

Foreign honours

See also

References